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eDNA vs metabarcoding vs whole-genome sequencing: comparing conservation genetics approaches
Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling detects species presence from water or soil at $50–$200 per sample with 85–95% detection accuracy for target taxa, while metabarcoding captures broader community composition at $150–$500 per sample. Whole-genome sequencing reveals population structure and adaptive potential at $1,000–$5,000 per individual. This guide compares cost-effectiveness, taxonomic resolution, scalability, and decision-support value for restoration and monitoring programs.